Ticks represent a formidable challenge for dairy farms that raise Fresian breed cattle. These blood-sucking parasites not only jeopardize the health and well-being of the cattle but also pose a considerable threat to the overall productivity and profitability of the farm. A farmer in Luweero District scheduled a farm visit appointment with us. This concerned the quality of life of his loved and adored Friesians. Sadly, Five out of thirty of his cows had recently died mysteriously. Eight of the remaining twenty-five cows, presented with symptoms that worried the farmer. These symptoms prompted the farmer to Request an Appointment. These symptoms were low appetite, lethargy, uncoordinated movements, and a severe drop in milk production.
On examination, the cows were anemic, dehydrated, had a fever, 2/5 BCs, and their activity was so low. Since the examination findings were not conclusive, We picked representative blood samples for laboratory analysis. We then started them on supportive treatment to stabilize their condition.
Laboratory results confirmed the presence of anaplasma parasites within the red blood cells. The cows were started on curative treatment. After five days of treatment therapy, the cows were on their road back to good health.
Anaplasmosis is one of the tick-borne fevers or illnesses that can threaten the quality of life of a cow and lead to farm losses. Just like all tick-borne illnesses, it is spread by ticks. It is a managemental disease and its presence signifies the presence of management-related shortfalls.
cow suffering from anaplasmosis on fluid replacement therapy.
Tick-borne illnesses are a significant concern for livestock. Various tick species are endemic to different regions, and they can transmit dangerous pathogens that cause fevers, anemia, and other health problems.
What are tick fevers?
Tick fevers are a group of diseases caused by parasites that are transmitted by ticks. Ticks reside within the environment of these animals such as the grasses, bushes, kraal walls, etc. They attach when animals interact with the surfaces that they inhabit. The most common tick-borne pathogens that affect livestock are Babesia, Anaplasma, and Theileria. These microorganisms reside inside the tick’s gut or salivary glands and are injected into the host’s bloodstream when the tick feeds on it. Once in the host, the pathogens multiply and start to attack red blood cells, causing fever, anemia, and other symptoms.
Symptoms of tick fever in cattle
Tick borne fever symptoms can be subtle or severe, depending on the animal’s age, immune status, and the severity of the infection. Early signs of tick borne fever in cattle include lethargy, decreased appetite, and fever. As the infection progresses, the animal may develop anemia, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and mucous membranes), pale or dark urine, weight loss, and labored breathing. In severe cases, tick fever can lead to death, especially in young or immunocompromised animals.
Treatment of tick fever in cattle
Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to managing tick fever in cattle successfully. If you suspect that your animal has tick fever, consult your veterinarian immediately. The vet will perform a blood test to confirm the presence of the tick-borne pathogen and prescribe antibiotics, anti-parasitic drugs, and supportive care to manage the animal’s symptoms. In severe cases, a blood transfusion may be necessary to replace the lost red blood cells and improve the animal’s oxygenation.
Prevention of tick fever in cattle
The best way to prevent tick fever in cattle is to implement a tick control program, which includes regular tick inspections and the use of acaricides (tick-killing agents). You can also reduce your animal’s exposure to ticks by maintaining a clean and dry living environment, keeping the pastures well-maintained, and avoiding tick-infested areas during peak tick season.